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 The
history of Crimea embraced the life and destiny of many people,
that for centuries were coming to the peninsula from the East west,
their achievements and struggle, opposition and wholeness of cultures.
Reminders of the long-buried past are the best
witnesses of the fact that man has been living on the peninsula
for many thousands s. A lot of different people, who once lived
in Crimea, left the world without any remnants, the other came down
to the history as a nd. Semi-legendary are the tribes of ancient
Tauri that inhabited the Crimean south coast in the 11-4th
cc. BC. Herodotus, "the Farther istory" reported about
the land ofTaurida (the first name to the peninsula). Strabonus
told us about the Cimmerian nomad tribes that i over the Northern
Black Sea coast and steppe in the 8-7th cc. The ancient
tribes assimilated with or were withdrawn by martial: hians who
established the first state system on the Crimean land intheIV-IccBC.
The 7th century BC. brought the culture
of Ancient Greece to Tavrida. The Hellenic people built their city-states
on the Crimean t. some of them were united into Bosporan Kingdom
in the east and round the city of Chersonesus - in the west. There
emerged the t Pontiac State. The opposition of Rome to Greece ends
with the victory of "an Eternal City". Roman fortifications
and a strategic tal road appeared on the southern coast. In the
3rd century Romans left the peninsula, ceding it to the
mighty torrents of the Great ration . Goths came to Crimea from
the north, Guns and Alans - from Asia. The process of assimilation
was going on: distinction /een languages, traditions cultures and
religions were slowly disappearing.
Saint Andrew the First-Called rose the Holy Cross
of Jesus Christ over the peninsula and brought true faith to Crimea.
Since the entury Byzantine came into power and ruled over Crimea.
There were restored the ruined Chersonesus, built new fortresses,
stian churches, monasteries and "cavern towns", but the
East sent its new forces to the southern land - nomadic tribes.
At the same time ngs were approaching Crimea from the north.
The Russian Tmutarakan Principality was established
on the Taman peninsula in the 10th century Slavonic influence
was so ificant that old chronic mentioned the Cimmerian Bosporus
as a Prince Svyatoslav's land. The Black Sea was marked as the Russian
on the Arabic maps of the 10-11th cc. Crimea was meant
to play an important role in the Russian history, here Grand Prince
Vladimir iev was baptized. Ancient Russia was christened and adopted
the Orthodoxy, beaming over the Slavonic land.
 In
the 13th century the Tartar-Mongols launched an invasion
into Crimea, occupied it and brought Islam to ancient Tavrida. nean
Tartars broke all contacts with the other Tartar Principalities
in the north. They established their Crimean Khanate that soon ime
a subject of the Ottoman Empire. Almost at the same time Genoese
arrived in the peninsula by the sea, they were followed by their
rivals - Venetians. Genoese ruled over the Crimean coast from Sudak
in the east to Balaklava in the west. They built their capital in
i (Feodosia). At the same time there was flourishing the local Christian
principality of Theodoro. In 1475 the Sultan's fleet appeared he
Crimean coast. Turkish forces seized the Genoese colonies and advanced
on the Theodoro principality. The Crimean Tartar nate finally gained
a firm hold of the peninsula. Since that time on the confrontation
between the Orthodoxy Russia and Moslem cey had started. Numerous
raids and wars came to an end. The victory of Russia brought the
recognition of independence of Crimea 774. In the 1783 Crimea became
part of the Russian Empire.
That was the beginning of a new period in the
history of Tavrida. New roads and parks were laid out, beautiful
palaces and villas s built, educational and medical institutions
were opened. On the slopes of the mountains there were laid out
new vineyards and young len wine was aging in oak barrels. The Crimean
war of 1854-1856 destroyed Crimea as well as brought immortality
to courageous ;nders of Sevastopol.The Earth knows how to cure even
the most painful wounds and to restore its own and human strength.
In 1860 the ninent Russian physician Sergey Botkin discovered salubrious
properties of the Crimean climate and the Crimean South Coast line
"the summer capital" of the Russian Empire. As soon as
the Russian royal family bought the estates in Livadia, Oreanda,
Kharax, Todor, Chayir, a holiday in Crimea came into fashion among
aristocracy, nobility and merchants that were coming here - to the
Russian [era They were followed by intellectuals and others.
Word War I opened wide the doors to revolutions,
the Civil War, to an impetuous change of governments and authorities,
to terror hardships. In autumn of 1920 the defeated White Guard
left Crimea, giving the way to the advancing troops of the Red Army.
That ", according to the decree signed by Vladimir Eenin, all
private palaces and villas were converted into sanatoriums for workers
and pesants.
A new period of construction started but it was
interrupted by the Second World War. In autumn of 1941 Crimea was
occupied byi; army and greeted its liberation only in spring of
1944. Once again Crimea had to start its rehabilitation.
In all times and throughout the world's history
hostility and wars were followed by understanding of urgent necessity
to seek unity cooperation. It is also true for Taurida.
In 1954 in commemoration of the 300th
Anniversary of Reunification of Russian and Ukrainian people Crimea
was granted to Ukraine and formed a part of that Soviet republic.
There starts the period of the development of Crimea as an all-union
holiday destination international tourist center.
The end of the 2th millenium was marked
by numerous political, economic and social changes for the Crimean
people At sent it is Autonomous Republic of Crimea within Ukraine
with the population of more than 2.5 million people who are the
"esentatives of 80 nationalities and ethnic groups. The state
languages of Crimea are Russian, Ukrainian and Crimean-Tartar. onomous
Republic of Crimea has its Supreme Soviet (one-chamber parliament),
Council of Ministers, Supreme and Arbitration irts, local representative
and state authorities as well as it own Constitution, state flag,
hymn and emblem.
On the Crimean state emblem there is its motto
"Prosperity in Unity" and above it - the rising golden
sun that always shows the fs throughout Crimea. We will follow them
and in the generous sunny rays enjoy the enchanting and perennial
beauty of the Crimean.
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